The role of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Ulrike Raap, Gert-Jan Braunstahl

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by allergic airway inflammation and a hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli which is partly neuronally controlled. In this regard, neurotrophins are prime candidates as mediators of neuronal and immunological plasticity and they will be the focus of the current review. Neurotrophins including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are expressed in the nasal mucosa. The majority of NGF expression has been found in eosinophil granulocytes, the glandular apparatus and peripheral nerves. As shown recently, nasal allergen provocation upregulates BDNF expression in nasal mucosa and NGF expression on peripheral nerves and nasal lavage in patients with allergic rhinitis. In this regard, increased BDNF expression positively correlates with the maximum increase in total nasal symptom score. The neurotrophin receptors including pan-neurotrophin receptor p75, tyrosine kinase A (trkA) and trkB are expressed in nasal tissue. TrkA is expressed on endothelial, p75 on peripheral nerves and trkB on nasal mucosa mast cells that decreases after allergen provocation. The expression of these neurotrophin receptors is increased on peripheral blood eosinophils in allergic rhinitis...Continue Reading

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