The Role of Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-1 Progression: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Helen M ChunNancy F Crum-Cianflone

Abstract

Due to shared routes of infection, HIV-infected persons are frequently coinfected with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Studies have demonstrated the bidirectional relationships between HIV and several STIs, including herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), hepatitis B and C viruses, human papilloma virus, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas. HIV-1 may affect the clinical presentation, treatment outcome, and progression of STIs, such as syphilis, HSV-2, and hepatitis B and C viruses. Likewise, the presence of an STI may increase both genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, enhancing the transmissibility of HIV-1, with important public health implications. Regarding the effect of STIs on HIV-1 progression, the most studied interrelationship has been with HIV-1/HSV-2 coinfection, with recent studies showing that antiherpetic medications slow the time to CD4 <200 cells/µL and antiretroviral therapy among coinfected patients. The impact of other chronic STIs (hepatitis B and C) on HIV-1 progression requires further study, but some studies have shown increased mortality rates. Treatable, nonchronic STIs (i.e., syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas) typically have no or transient impacts on plasma HIV RNA leve...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 3, 2019·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·George A YendewaRobert A Salata
Jul 1, 2020·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Suparna DasMichael Kharfen
Dec 23, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Claudio FoschiAntonella Marangoni
Feb 25, 2020·AIDS Research and Treatment·Yuwei ChengMusie Ghebremichael
Apr 26, 2019·F1000Research·Cibangu KatambaChisali Lusale
Nov 13, 2020·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Jasmin KuratliNicole Borel
Jan 29, 2021·AIDS and Behavior·Stephen P SullivanRob Stephenson

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