The role of the cerebral cortex in postural responses to externally induced perturbations

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
D A E Bolton

Abstract

The ease with which we avoid falling down belies a highly sophisticated and distributed neural network for controlling reactions to maintain upright balance. Although historically these reactions were considered within the sub cortical domain, mounting evidence reveals a distributed network for postural control including a potentially important role for the cerebral cortex. Support for this cortical role comes from direct measurement associated with moments of induced instability as well as indirect links between cognitive task performance and balance recovery. The cerebral cortex appears to be directly involved in the control of rapid balance reactions but also setting the central nervous system in advance to optimize balance recovery reactions even when a future threat to stability is unexpected. In this review the growing body of evidence that now firmly supports a cortical role in the postural responses to externally induced perturbations is presented. Moreover, an updated framework is advanced to help understand how cortical contributions may influence our resistance to falls and on what timescale. The implications for future studies into the neural control of balance are discussed.

References

Oct 24, 1977·Experimental Brain Research·L M Nashner
Jan 1, 1985·Experimental Brain Research·V DietzE Schenck
Jan 1, 1994·Experimental Brain Research·J J EngA E Patla
Jan 30, 1995·Neuroscience Letters·W E McIlroy, B E Maki
Oct 1, 1995·Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology·M LamarcheI Rektor
Jul 1, 1996·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·A M SchillingsJ Duysens
Aug 1, 1996·Progress in Neurobiology·P J Whelan
May 1, 1997·Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology·T HamanoH Shibasaki
Jun 1, 1997·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·M E Brandt
Jul 11, 1997·Science·G RizzolattiV Gallese
Mar 10, 1999·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Y OuchiM Futatsubashi
Apr 14, 1999·The Journal of Physiology·J Valls-SoléE Muñoz
Jan 1, 2000·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·R B DuckrowL Wolfson
May 5, 2000·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·J K RankinL A Brown
Oct 3, 2001·Neuron·G Rizzolatti, G Luppino
Jan 26, 2002·Science·S MakeigT J Sejnowski
Sep 17, 2002·Experimental Brain Research·Robert G NorrieWilliam E McIlroy
Dec 24, 2002·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·Ben H JansenNashaat N Boutros
May 8, 2003·IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine : the Quarterly Magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society·Brian E MakiGeoff R Fernie
Aug 22, 2003·Journal of Neurophysiology·I N BeloozerovaT G Deliagina
Feb 14, 2004·Science·John G KernsCameron S Carter
Feb 18, 2004·Experimental Brain Research·S QuantW E McIlroy
Apr 7, 2004·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Jens Bo Nielsen
Apr 16, 2004·Nature·Edward K Vogel, Maro G Machizawa
Jul 21, 2004·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·Phan LuuScott Makeig
Jul 21, 2004·Journal of Motor Behavior·Anthony N CarlsenIan M Franks
Oct 27, 2004·Experimental Brain Research·John E Misiaszek, Emily M Krauss
Oct 11, 2005·Gait & Posture·Alexander C H GeurtsJaak Duysens
Nov 29, 2005·Lancet·Pekka KannusJari Parkkari
Jan 19, 2006·Experimental Brain Research·Allan L AdkinWilliam E McIlroy
Apr 8, 2006·Journal of Applied Physiology·Wolfgang TaubeAlbert Gollhofer
Mar 6, 2007·Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior·Andrew W McColloughEdward K Vogel
Mar 30, 2007·Journal of Neural Transmission·J V Jacobs, F B Horak
May 10, 2007·Experimental Brain Research·William H GageWilliam E McIlroy
Jun 9, 2007·Journal of Neural Transmission·B E Maki, W E McIlroy
Sep 1, 2007·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·Mirjam PijnappelsJaap H van Dieën
Sep 4, 2007·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·Brian E MakiWilliam E McIlroy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 20, 2016·Journal of Neurology·Daniel S PetersonFay B Horak
Mar 18, 2017·Experimental Brain Research·Kwang Leng GohTele Tan
Nov 24, 2017·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Kwang Leng GohTele Tan
Dec 21, 2017·Scientific Reports·Dario MartelliSunil K Agrawal
Jun 30, 2018·Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair·Digna de KamGelsy Torres-Oviedo
Dec 6, 2018·Journal of Neurophysiology·Aiden M PayneLena H Ting
Apr 7, 2019·Perceptual and Motor Skills·Hiroshi KunimuraKoichi Hiraoka
Jul 8, 2020·Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair·Daniel S PetersonShyamal H Mehta
Sep 16, 2020·The European Journal of Neuroscience·T Solis-EscalanteV Weerdesteyn
Nov 15, 2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Christopher J Dakin, David A E Bolton
May 30, 2019·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Shirley HandelzaltsNachum Soroker
Oct 19, 2020·Experimental Brain Research·Shakiba Rafiee, Tim Kiemel
Jul 2, 2019·The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society·Stijn SchouppeJessica Van Oosterwijck
May 15, 2020·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Bauke W DijkstraAlice Nieuwboer
Feb 11, 2021·Motor Control·Nathan MorelliMatthew C Hoch
Nov 18, 2020·Perceptual and Motor Skills·Kell Grandjean da CostaNathan Ward
Aug 3, 2021·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Naoya HasegawaTadayoshi Asaka
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport·Ke'La H PorterMatthew Hoch

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Brain Imaging of Neural Circuits (MDS)

Neural circuits are groups of interconnected neurons which carry out specific functions when activated. Imaging these neural circuits allows researches to further elucidate their mechanisms and functions. Follow this feed to stay up to date on brain imaging of neural circuits.

Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei in the brain associated with control of voluntary motor movements, procedural and habit learning, emotion, and cognition. Here is the latest research.

Antifungals

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Brain Imaging of Neural Circuits

Neural circuits are groups of interconnected neurons which carry out specific functions when activated. Imaging these neural circuits allows researches to further elucidate their mechanisms and functions. Follow this feed to stay up to date on brain imaging of neural circuits.

Related Papers

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
G MochizukiW E McIlroy
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Ramesh Balasubramaniam, Alan M. Wing
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved