The Role of the Multiple Hormonal Dysregulation in the Onset of "Anemia of Aging": Focus on Testosterone, IGF-1, and Thyroid Hormones

International Journal of Endocrinology
Marcello MaggioGian Paolo Ceda

Abstract

Anemia is a multifactorial condition whose prevalence increases in both sexes after the fifth decade of life. It is a highly represented phenomenon in older adults and in one-third of cases is "unexplained." Ageing process is also characterized by a "multiple hormonal dysregulation" with disruption in gonadal, adrenal, and somatotropic axes. Experimental studies suggest that anabolic hormones such as testosterone, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones are able to increase erythroid mass, erythropoietin synthesis, and iron bioavailability, underlining a potential role of multiple hormonal changes in the anemia of aging. Epidemiological data more consistently support an association between lower testosterone and anemia in adult-older individuals. Low IGF-1 has been especially associated with anemia in the pediatric population and in a wide range of disorders. There is also evidence of an association between thyroid hormones and abnormalities in hematological parameters under overt thyroid and euthyroid conditions, with limited data on subclinical statuses. Although RCTs have shown beneficial effects, stronger for testosterone and the GH-IGF-1 axis and less evident for thyroid hormones, in improving different hematological parameters, there...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 17, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Daisy M WopereisUNKNOWN Thyroid Studies Collaboration
Apr 19, 2017·Oncotarget·Maria Adelaide MariniGiorgio Sesti
Dec 1, 2018·Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie·Gabriele Röhrig
Jul 31, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Yeqing GuKaijun Niu
Mar 25, 2019·The Aging Male : the Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male·Ko HaradaFumio Otsuka
Nov 20, 2021·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·Jack GuralnikWilliam J Evans

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
hormone replacement therapy
hormones replacement therapy

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