The role of Toll-like receptor 2 in microbial disease and immunity

Vaccine
Lee M Wetzler

Abstract

Cells expressing Toll-like receptor (TLR), TLR2 in association with TLR1, TLR6 or some other unknown co-receptor can respond upon interaction with a large variety of microbial ligands. The variety of TLR2 ligands is the greatest among all the TLRs and this is due to the heterodimerization needed for TLR2 mediated responses. Like other TLRs, TLR2 signaling induces antigen presenting cell activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increased expression of co-stimulatory ligand expression. These events are important for induction of innate immune responses and improved acquired immunity. There is strong suggestive evidence that alteration or lack of TLR2 function in vivo may correlate to decreased immune protection from pathogens that contain TLR2 ligands, but more work needs to be performed to strengthen this correlation.

References

Feb 1, 1988·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·G H LowellW D Zollinger
Mar 1, 1996·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·L M WetzlerL W Wetzler
Jan 22, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·F L RockJ F Bazan
Jan 27, 1998·Immunobiology·D Krappmann, C Scheidereit
Dec 8, 1998·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·C J KirschningM Rothe
Jun 11, 1999·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·R SchwandnerC J Kirschning
Aug 7, 1999·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·F G MackinnonL M Wetzler
Nov 24, 1999·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·E LienD T Golenbock
Feb 23, 2000·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·E LienD T Golenbock
Mar 17, 2000·Immunological Reviews·R Medzhitov, C Janeway
May 23, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·M MuzioA Mantovani
Jun 3, 2000·Nature Genetics·N C ArbourD A Schwartz
Jul 6, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·M HirschfeldJ J Weis
Oct 18, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·S Thoma-UszynskiR L Modlin
Oct 25, 2000·Biochemical Society Transactions·S Akira
Nov 30, 2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A OzinskyA Aderem
Dec 20, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·D H WyllieS K Dower
Dec 21, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·P Y PereraS N Vogel
Jan 21, 2001·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Y OkamuraJ F Strauss
Feb 13, 2001·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·E FaureM Arditi
Feb 13, 2001·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·C J HertzR L Modlin
Mar 10, 2001·Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology·R Medzhitov, C A Janeway
Mar 20, 2001·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·S ShohamS M Levitz
Apr 5, 2001·Trends in Immunology·T Kaisho, S Akira
May 19, 2001·International Immunopharmacology·O Takeuchi, S Akira
Jun 20, 2001·Trends in Cell Biology·J L Imler, J A Hoffmann
Jun 22, 2001·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·M A CamposR T Gazzinelli
Jun 30, 2001·International Immunology·O TakeuchiS Akira
Jul 27, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S BauerG B Lipford
Jul 31, 2001·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·F Re, J L Strominger
Aug 30, 2001·Nature Immunology·T HorngR Medzhitov
Sep 8, 2001·Nature Immunology·M SchnareR Medzhitov

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 7, 2012·Immunologic Research·Tanja DzopalicMiodrag Colic
Mar 31, 2005·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Masanori TohnoTadao Saito
Oct 31, 2006·Oncogene·M S HaydenS Ghosh
Aug 20, 2008·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Noga Budick-HarmelinOren Tirosh
Jul 16, 2005·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Bénédicte Fournier, Dana J Philpott
Jul 16, 2010·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·I TamayoC Gamazo
Apr 20, 2006·Infection and Immunity·Jannet KatzSuzanne M Michalek
May 19, 2009·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Marc Francaux
Jul 7, 2006·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·A Phillip WestSankar Ghosh
Jul 10, 2004·American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·Toshiki HommaKenji Matsumoto
Aug 19, 2004·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Tammy Kielian
Aug 6, 2013·Research in Veterinary Science·Michael St PaulShayan Sharif
Sep 26, 2012·Journal of Periodontology·Nawarat Wara-aswapatiYuichi Izumi
Aug 2, 2007·Immunology and Cell Biology·Tanya M WattersLuke A J O'Neill
Jul 2, 2004·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Richard J Ulevitch
Aug 15, 2015·Clinical and Translational Science·Zakary J HambschDevendra K Agrawal
May 4, 2010·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Karren M PlainRichard J Whittington
Dec 5, 2009·Journal of Reproductive Immunology·Wedad AboussahoudAlireza Fazeli
Jun 27, 2009·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Jodie L SimpsonPeter G Gibson
Sep 29, 2009·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·S HeukingG Borchard
May 12, 2007·Journal of Reproductive Immunology·Reza Aflatoonian, Alireza Fazeli
Dec 19, 2007·Parasite Immunology·K RetraM Yazdanbakhsh
May 25, 2010·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Pedro Pimentel-NunesAdelino F Leite-Moreira
Jul 22, 2005·Liver Transplantation : Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·Xupeng GeSuchitra Sumitran-Holgersson
Nov 15, 2008·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Catherine M GreeneNoel G McElvaney
Apr 18, 2015·BMC Immunology·Gwenoline Borhis, Yolande Richard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.