The roles of estradiol and progesterone in decreasing luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
T B NippoldtJ C Marshall

Abstract

During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, plasma progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) concentrations are elevated, and LH (and by inference GnRH) pulse frequency is slow. In contrast, LH pulse frequency increases during the early follicular phase when plasma E2 and P are lower. To examine the mechanism(s) responsible for the slower GnRH pulse frequency in the luteal phase, we maintained plasma P, E2, or both at midluteal concentrations from the midluteal phase to the time of the next early follicular phase and measured the effects on LH secretion. Thirteen normal women with regular menstrual cycles were studied during two or three cycles. Blood was obtained every 10 min during 10-h studies. Control cycle luteal and early follicular studies were followed by a second control study in the luteal phase of the treatment cycle. P (six women), E2 (seven women), or both (five women) then were given twice daily by im injection for 6-12 days until the day corresponding to the early follicular study of the control cycle (EF + P, EF + E2, or EF + E2 + P). A final study was performed 1 week after the injections were discontinued (F). LH pulse frequency was low in the midluteal phase [3.2 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) pulses/10 h] and increased by t...Continue Reading

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