The roles of IL-5 and anti-IL-5 treatment in eosinophilic diseases: Asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
Hiroyuki NagaseShigeharu Fujieda

Abstract

IL-5 is the most potent activator of eosinophils and is produced by Th2 cells and ILC2s. A role for IL-5 in eosinophil extracellular trap cell death, i.e., a proinflammatory cell death, has also been reported. Mepolizumab and benralizumab are humanized mAbs that target IL-5 and the IL-5 receptor α, respectively, and their therapeutic efficacy for severe asthma has been established. Although consistent differences in the efficacies of those drugs have not been proven, benralizumab extensively depleted eosinophils via Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood eosinophil count, but not FeNO or IgE, is the best-established predictive biomarker of the efficacy of anti-IL-5 treatment. Regarding the choice of biologics, the balance between blood eosinophil count and FeNO, indication of comorbidities, longitudinal safety, and interval of injection should be considered. Mepolizumab was also effective in maintaining the remission of refractory eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis. Moreover, mepolizumab decreased the proportion of patients who required surgery and lowered the nasal polyp score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; a further extensive trial is currently under way. In a phase II benralizumab stu...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 21, 2020·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·Nicola LombardoGirolamo Pelaia
Oct 12, 2020·Allergy·Koichiro AsanoMasami Taniguchi
Dec 10, 2020·Clinical and Molecular Allergy : CMA·Masato MurakiGerald J Gleich
Dec 20, 2020·Cancers·Stephanie AnnettTracy Robson
Feb 8, 2021·Respiratory Investigation·Ratoe SurayaYoshihiro Nishimura
Apr 4, 2020·Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology·Kenji Izuhara
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Aug 25, 2021·International Immunology·Toshinori NakayamaShinichiro Motohashi

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