The search for translational pain outcomes to refine analgesic development: Where did we come from and where are we going?

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Rafael González-CanoEnrique J Cobos

Abstract

Pain measures traditionally used in rodents record mere reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli; the results thus may not fully reflect the human pain phenotype. Alterations in physical and emotional functioning, pain-depressed behaviors and facial pain expressions were recently proposed as additional pain outcomes to provide a more accurate measure of clinical pain in rodents, and hence to potentially enhance analgesic drug development. We aimed to review how preclinical pain assessment has evolved since the development of the tail flick test in 1941, with a particular focus on a critical analysis of some nonstandard pain outcomes, and a consideration of how sex differences may affect the performance of these pain surrogates. We tracked original research articles in Medline for the following periods: 1973-1977, 1983-1987, 1993-1997, 2003-2007, and 2014-2018. We identified 606 research articles about alternative surrogate pain measures, 473 of which were published between 2014 and 2018. This indicates that preclinical pain assessment is moving toward the use of these measures, which may soon become standard procedures in preclinical pain laboratories.

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Citations

Dec 5, 2020·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·M Carmen Ruiz-CanteroEnrique J Cobos
Oct 30, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Francisco Rafael NietoMilica S Prostran
Jan 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Elsa Cortés-MonteroJavier Garzón-Niño
Apr 4, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Alexandra L WhittakerTimothy H Barker
Feb 25, 2021·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·C M DiesterS S Negus
Aug 8, 2021·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Michael M Morgan, Kristin Ataras

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