The Secretion and Action of Brush Border Enzymes in the Mammalian Small Intestine

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology
Diane HootonRobert Simpson

Abstract

Microvilli are conventionally regarded as an extension of the small intestinal absorptive surface, but they are also, as latterly discovered, a launching pad for brush border digestive enzymes. Recent work has demonstrated that motor elements of the microvillus cytoskeleton operate to displace the apical membrane toward the apex of the microvillus, where it vesiculates and is shed into the periapical space. Catalytically active brush border digestive enzymes remain incorporated within the membranes of these vesicles, which shifts the site of BB digestion from the surface of the enterocyte to the periapical space. This process enables nutrient hydrolysis to occur adjacent to the membrane in a pre-absorptive step. The characterization of BB digestive enzymes is influenced by the way in which these enzymes are anchored to the apical membranes of microvilli, their subsequent shedding in membrane vesicles, and their differing susceptibilities to cleavage from the component membranes. In addition, the presence of active intracellular components of these enzymes complicates their quantitative assay and the elucidation of their dynamics. This review summarizes the ontogeny and regulation of BB digestive enzymes and what is known of the...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 9, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Shujuan ChenRobert H Tukey
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Oct 13, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Pablo Gallego-LobilloOswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez

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