The significance of different health institutions and their respective contributions of active pharmaceutical ingredients to wastewater

Environment International
Manuel HerrmannKlaus Kümmerer

Abstract

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been frequently found in the environment. It is, however, still not quite clear who is mainly responsible for API emissions. Hospitals have been considered to be the main contributing point sources for wastewater (WW) discharge of APIs. However, recent studies have shown that the contribution of hospitals to the input of APIs into the aquatic environment is quite low. Due to demographic change and the increase of psychiatric diseases, health institutions (HIs) such as psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes are likely to be important sources as well, but no data is available in this respect. This study aims to assess the impact of HIs and to provide a methodology to measure their respective contributions. Drawing on pharmaceutical consumption data for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, this study identified API usage patterns for a psychiatric hospital (146 beds), a nursing home (286 inhabitants), and a general hospital (741 beds), the latter of which comprises three separate locations. All the HIs are located in two sub-regions of a county district with about 400,000 citizens in southwestern Germany. A selection of neurological drugs was quantified in the sewer of these facilities to ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2016·Environmental Technology·Fernanda Siqueira Souza, Liliana Amaral Féris
Aug 14, 2018·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Danièle Mousel, Johannes Pinnekamp
Sep 6, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Tomáš MackuľakLucia Birošová
Feb 29, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·André PereiraAngelina Pena
Jul 28, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Silvia LacorteCarole Calas-Blanchard
Jun 5, 2019·Journal of Biological Engineering·Josep Anton Mir-TutusausGlòria Caminal
Jun 15, 2020·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Tanguy PouzolJean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Jun 14, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Lydia NiemiStuart Gibb
Aug 30, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Danièle MouselJohannes Pinnekamp

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