The significance of spiracle conductance and spatial arrangement for flight muscle function and aerodynamic performance in flying Drosophila

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Nicole Heymann, Fritz-Olaf Lehmann

Abstract

During elevated locomotor activity such as flight, Drosophila satisfies its increased respiratory demands by increasing the total spiracle opening area of the tracheal gas exchange system. It has been assumed that in a diffusion-based system, each spiracle contributes to oxygen flux into and carbon dioxide flux out of the tracheal system according to the size of its opening. We evaluated this hypothesis by determining how a reduction in size and interference with the spatial distribution of gas exchange areas impair flight muscle function and aerodynamic force production in the small fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This was done by selectively blocking thoracic spiracles of tethered flies flying inside a flight simulator. Flow-through respirometry and simultaneous measurements of flight force production and wing kinematics revealed a negligible functional safety margin for respiration. Maximum locomotor performance was only achieved by unmanipulated flies, supporting the general assumption that at the animal's maximum locomotor capacity, maximum spiracle opening area matches respiratory need. The maximum total buffer capacity for carbon dioxide in Drosophila amounts to approximately 33.5 mul g(-1) body mass, estimated from t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 15, 2009·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Wayne A Van Voorhies
Jan 5, 2010·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Fritz-Olaf Lehmann, Violetta Cierotzki
Sep 15, 2007·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Stefan K Hetz
Mar 24, 2016·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Eva GleixnerThomas Hankeln
Nov 25, 2014·IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems·Wei Bi, James T Kwok
May 19, 2009·Journal of Insect Physiology·Fritz-Olaf Lehmann, Peter Schützner
Dec 28, 2018·Nanotoxicology·Bedanta Kumar Barik, Monalisa Mishra
Apr 27, 2020·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Tyler CobbRobert Wessells

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