The significance of vitamin A and carotenoid status in persons infected by the human immunodeficiency virus

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
A NimmagaddaM B Goetz

Abstract

Hyporetinemia is associated with increased childhood morbidity and mortality that is reversible with vitamin A supplementation. Although vitamin A deficiency is otherwise rare in developed countries, the prevalence of hyporetinemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons is up to 29%. Hyporetinemic HIV-infected patients have a 3.5-5-fold increased risk of death. Furthermore, HIV-infected patients with very low or very high intake of vitamin A and beta-carotene (a vitamin A precursor) have greater rates of disease progression than do patients with intermediate intake. In developing countries up to 60% of HIV-infected pregnant women are hyporetinemic. In such women the relative risk of perinatal HIV transmission may be increased more than fourfold. These data indicate that vitamin A deficiency is common in HIV-infected patients in the developed world and strongly suggest that vitamin A supplementation may be especially useful in adjunctive therapy for HIV-infected pregnant women who reside in the developing world.

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Citations

Apr 15, 2004·Indian Journal of Pediatrics·Anju KapoorShashi N Vani
May 22, 2001·AIDS Patient Care and STDs·J Laurence
May 26, 2001·Annual Review of Nutrition·C B Stephensen
Sep 1, 2009·African Journal of AIDS Research : AJAR·Agatha Christine OnyangoLucas Othuon
Mar 17, 2007·International Journal of STD & AIDS·Jared M BaetenJoan K Kreiss
Nov 25, 1998·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·A P NimmagaddaM B Goetz
Jan 25, 2006·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·I Higuera-CiaparaF M Goycoolea
Jul 14, 2009·Journal of the International AIDS Society·Eileen Stillwaggon

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