The skin microbiome of elasmobranchs follows phylosymbiosis, but in teleost fishes, the microbiomes converge.

Microbiome
Michael DoaneElizabeth A. Dinsdale

Abstract

The vertebrate clade diverged into Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimeras) and Osteichthyes fishes (bony fishes) approximately 420 mya, with each group accumulating vast anatomical and physiological differences, including skin properties. The skin of Chondrichthyes fishes is covered in dermal denticles, whereas Osteichthyes fishes are covered in scales and are mucous rich. The divergence time among these two fish groups is hypothesized to result in predictable variation among symbionts. Here, using shotgun metagenomics, we test if patterns of diversity in the skin surface microbiome across the two fish clades match predictions made by phylosymbiosis theory. We hypothesize (1) the skin microbiome will be host and clade-specific, (2) evolutionary difference in elasmobranch and teleost will correspond with a concomitant increase in host-microbiome dissimilarity, and (3) the skin structure of the two groups will affect the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiomes. We show that the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiomes is host-specific. Teleost fish had lower average microbiome within clade similarity compared to among clade comparison, but their composition is not different among clade in a null...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 2, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Rachael StoroJose V Lopez
May 29, 2021·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Elizabeth K Mallott, Katherine R Amato
Sep 17, 2021·Animal Microbiome·Cameron T PerryFrank J Stewart
Oct 27, 2021·PLoS Biology·Asia K MillerSeth R Bordenstein

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Software Mentioned

PEAR
Primer package
SUPERFOCUS
PRINSEQ
RAPSearch
PhyloSift
pplacer
PERMANOVA
HMMER
guppy

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