PMID: 9422276Jan 9, 1998Paper

The speaker's formant in male voices

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
T NawkaD Zurakowski

Abstract

Spectral analysis of vowels during connected speech can be performed using the spectral intensity distribution within critical bands corresponding to a natural scale on the basilar membrane. Normalization of the spectra provides the opportunity to make objective comparisons independent from the recording level. An increasing envelope peak between 3,150 and 3,700 Hz has been confirmed statistically for a combination of seven vowels in three groups of male speakers with hoarse, normal, and professional voices. Each vowel is also analyzed individually. The local energy maximum is called "the speaker's formant" and can be found in the region of the fourth formant. The steepness of the spectral slope (i.e. the rate of decline) becomes less pronounced when the sonority or the intensity of the voice increases. The speaker's formant is connected with the sonorous quality of the voice. It increases gradually and is approximately 10 dB higher in professional male voices than in normal male voices at neutral loudness (60 dB at 0.3 min). The peak intensity becomes stronger (30 dB above normal voices) when the overall speaking loudness is increased to 80 dB. Shouting increases the spectral energy of the adjacent critical bands but not the s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 25, 2002·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·T F ClevelandR E Stone
Jan 17, 2002·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·R WeissJ Morris
Oct 25, 2002·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·B TimmermansP H Van de Heyning
Jan 12, 2011·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Adam P VogelPaul Maruff
Oct 31, 2006·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Hironori TakemotoKiyoshi Honda
Feb 23, 2012·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Tracy Bourne, Maëva Garnier
Apr 6, 2006·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Paul Boersma, Gordana Kovacic
Mar 15, 2005·Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology·Maria Nordenberg, Johan Sundberg
Oct 12, 2002·Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology·Daniel Zangger Borch, Johan Sundberg
Oct 18, 2013·Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology·Li DongJohan Sundberg
Mar 19, 2014·Frontiers in Psychology·Steven R LivingstoneFrank A Russo
Mar 8, 2011·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Suely MasterSandra Madureira
Aug 1, 2016·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Tracy BourneAdeline Samson
Jul 9, 2013·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Dimitrios S Delviniotis
May 20, 2008·Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica : Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)·Timo LeinoElinita Mäki
Jul 21, 2004·Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology·Anne-Maria LaukkanenTimo Leino
Mar 1, 2006·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Irene Velsvik Bele
Jul 2, 2005·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Anne-Maria LaukkanenJohan Sundberg
Dec 6, 2005·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Irene Velsvik Bele
Nov 30, 2004·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Anne-Maria LaukkanenMarketta Sihvo
May 13, 2009·Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology·Sang-Hyuk LeeSung-Min Jin
Jun 6, 2020·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Clara LeynsEvelien D'haeseleer

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