The stability of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater, an important issue for sewage epidemiology?

Journal of Hazardous Materials
Alexander van NuijsAdrian Covaci

Abstract

The stability of nine illicit drugs and metabolites in influent wastewater at relevant conditions (20 °C and at pH 7.5) was evaluated during 26 h (in 1 h intervals) to assess whether significant in-sewer processes of degradation or formation occur. This assessment is important for the sewage epidemiology approach, which uses concentrations of illicit drugs and metabolites in influent wastewater to back-calculate amounts of these substances used by a community or population. The results of this study showed that amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy and EDDP (metabolite of methadone) are stable in wastewater for 12 h and longer. For benzoylecgonine and methadone, a modest formation in the course of time was observed (0.2% per h and 0.4% per h, respectively), while for cocaine (40% degradation after 12 h), ecgonine methylester (20% degradation after 12 h), and 6-monoacetylmorphine (20% degradation after 12 h), a clear decrease in concentrations in time was seen. These findings suggest that for compounds with a significant stability issue, it is important to take their behavior into account when performing back-calculations in sewage epidemiology. However, this study also highlights the need of future research regarding transforma...Continue Reading

References

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Aug 18, 2009·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Alexander L N van NuijsAdrian Covaci
Jul 6, 2010·The Science of the Total Environment·Alexander L N van NuijsAdrian Covaci
Jan 25, 2011·Environment International·Alexander L N van NuijsAdrian Covaci

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Citations

Dec 19, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Daniel A BurgardJennifer A Field
Aug 19, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Markus R Meyer
Dec 18, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Kevin J Bisceglia, Katrice A Lippa
Dec 26, 2012·The Science of the Total Environment·Marco ParoliniAndrea Binelli
Dec 1, 2015·Water Research·Ann-Kathrin McCallChristoph Ort
Oct 4, 2014·Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society·Emma van DykenJochen F Mueller
Apr 15, 2015·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Frederic BeenOlivier Delémont
Jun 26, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Sara CastiglioniPaul Griffiths
Feb 4, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Usman KhanAdrian Covaci
Nov 28, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Erkki VuoriRiku Vahala
Jun 20, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Carla RepiceRoberta Pedrazzani
Jan 20, 2015·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Jianfa GaoPhong K Thai
Jun 28, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·L J P SnipK V Gernaey
Oct 4, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Emma Gracia-LorSara Castiglioni
Oct 30, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Iolana Campestrini, Wilson F Jardim
Jan 16, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Damien A DevaultSara Karolak
Jan 18, 2018·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Ana CausanillesPim de Voogt
Apr 16, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Alexander L N van NuijsPhilippe G Jorens
Aug 18, 2017·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Alexandros G AsimakopoulosKurunthachalam Kannan
Jul 1, 2020·PLoS Computational Biology·Ethan D EvansEric J Alm
Aug 16, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Damien A DevaultYves Lévi

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