The Steroid Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone Regulates the Conjugation of Autophagy-Related Proteins 12 and 5 in a Concentration and Time-Dependent Manner to Promote Insect Midgut Programmed Cell Death

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Yong-Bo LiXiao-Fan Zhao

Abstract

Autophagy requires the conjugation of autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) to autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) through covalent attachment. However, the signals regulating ATG12-ATG5 conjugation are unclear. The larval midgut of lepidopteran insects performs autophagy and apoptosis sequentially during the transition of larvae to pupae under regulation by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), thus representing a model to study steroid hormone regulation of ATG12-ATG5 conjugation. In the present study, using the lepidopteran insectHelicoverpa armigeraas a model, we report that 20E regulates the conjugation of ATG12-ATG5 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate was abundant in the epidermis, midgut, and fat body during metamorphosis from the larvae to the pupae; however, the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate level decreased at the time of pupation. At low concentrations (2-5 µM) over a short time course (1-48 h), 20E promoted the conjugation of ATG12-ATG5; however, at 10 µM and 72 h, 20E repressed the conjugation of ATG12-ATG5. ATG12 was localized in the larval midgut during metamorphosis. Knockdown ofATG12in larvae caused death with delayed pupation, postponed the process of midgut programmed cell death...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 24, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Gianluca Tettamanti, Morena Casartelli
Dec 21, 2018·Cell Death and Differentiation·Donna Denton, Sharad Kumar
Nov 21, 2019·Cell Death and Differentiation·Tianqi XuSharad Kumar

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
Reverse Transcription-PCR
electrophoresis
transfection
lipidation

Software Mentioned

Image Pro - Plus
ExPASy
Quantity One

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