The story of … a lead

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
Seah Nisam, Shantanu Reddy

Abstract

The totally transvenous implantable defibrillator lead, conceived by Mirowski and Mower 45 years ago, is irrevocably related to the wide acceptance of this therapy. It paved the way for the era for non-thoracotomy implantation. This paper covers the most important details of the evolution--over this 45-year period--of the original (ENDOTAK) transvenous ICD lead and subsequent iterations. Over that time period, there have been over 800 000 patients implanted with this family of leads. The 'story' addresses the multiple problems encountered, technological improvements in materials, design, and testing to overcome them. And, the need for continued close collaboration between physicians and industry focused on reliability and longevity of this critical component of these life-saving systems.

References

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Jan 11, 2012·Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society·Jörg Neuzner, Jörg Carlsson
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Citations

Jun 4, 2015·Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie·Carsten W Israel, Mohamed Karim Sheta
Oct 25, 2016·Heart Rhythm : the Official Journal of the Heart Rhythm Society·Sophie C H van MalderenDominic A M J Theuns
Jun 13, 2018·Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE·Diego Pérez DíezCésar Morís De La Tassa
Dec 20, 2019·Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology : an International Journal of Arrhythmias and Pacing·Robert G HauserRaed Abdelhadi

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