The Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2: Structure, Function, and Disease Relevance

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
Kristen A StoutGary W Miller

Abstract

The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family is comprised of three paralogues: SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. In vertebrates, SV2s are 12-transmembrane proteins present on every secretory vesicle, including synaptic vesicles, and are critical to neurotransmission. Structural and functional studies suggest that SV2 proteins may play several roles to promote proper vesicular function. Among these roles are their potential to stabilize the transmitter content of vesicles, to maintain and orient the releasable pool of vesicles, and to regulate vesicular calcium sensitivity to ensure efficient, coordinated release of the transmitter. The SV2 family is highly relevant to human health in a number of ways. First, SV2A plays a role in neuronal excitability and as such is the specific target for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. SV2 proteins also act as the target by which potent neurotoxins, particularly botulinum, gain access to neurons and exert their toxicity. Both SV2B and SV2C are increasingly implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, despite decades of intensive research, their exact function remains elusive. Thus, SV2 proteins are intriguing in their potentially diverse roles within...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 12, 2021·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents·Martina BortolamiFabiana Pandolfi
Mar 12, 2021·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Motohiro OkadaYuto Ueda
Apr 6, 2021·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Lidong SunShangwu Jin
Jul 24, 2021·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Ruth H AschIrina Esterlis

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