Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis is the main agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease associated with anergic immune responses. In this study we show that the crude antigen of Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) but not L. braziliensis promastigotes (LbAg) contains substances that suppress mitogenic and spontaneous proliferative responses of T cells. The suppressive substances in LaAg are thermoresistant (100 degrees C/1h) and partially dependent on protease activity. T cell anergy was not due to a decreased production of growth factors as it was not reverted by addition of exogenous IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma or IL-12. LaAg did not inhibit anti-CD3-induced T cell activation, suggesting that anergy was due to a defect in antigen presentation. It was also not due to cell necrosis, but was accompanied by expressive DNA fragmentation in lymph node cells, indicative of apoptosis. Although pre-incubation of macrophages with LaAg prevented their capacity to present antigens, this effect was not due to apoptosis of the former. These results suggest that the T cell anergy found in diffuse leishmaniasis may be the result of parasite antigen-driven apoptosis of those cells following defective antigen presentation.
References
Jul 24, 1992·Science·M Barral-NettoS G Reed
Dec 1, 1987·Infection and Immunity·M M RodriguesM A Barcinski
Jan 1, 1972·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·J ConvitA J Rondón
Feb 25, 1994·Science·J M CritchfieldM J Lenardo
Jul 1, 1993·Infection and Immunity·L C Afonso, P Scott
Nov 14, 1997·Infection and Immunity·O LiesenfeldY Suzuki
Aug 12, 1998·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·K B MarzochiF Modabber
Apr 2, 1999·Scandinavian Journal of Immunology·G DasG C Mishra
Mar 17, 2000·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·A L BerthoS G Coutinho
Nov 4, 2000·Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs·F G Abath
Feb 13, 2001·Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology·F R Almeida-Campos, M F Horta
Jun 23, 2001·Immunity·W ChenS M Wahl
Sep 6, 2001·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·K NakamuraW Strober
Oct 6, 2001·Trends in Parasitology·N A Gomes, G A DosReis
Nov 9, 2001·Acta Tropica·P M De LucaS C Mendonça
Nov 5, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·David Sacks, Nancy Noben-Trauth
Dec 6, 2002·Nature·Yasmine BelkaidDavid L Sacks
Feb 15, 2003·International Immunopharmacology·James L SungJames D Gorham
Feb 21, 2003·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kira R GanttMary E Wilson
Aug 30, 2003·Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências·Rodrigo P P Soares, Salvatore J Turco
Citations
Jul 20, 2005·Microbes and Infection·Roberta Olmo PinheiroBartira Rossi-Bergmann
Oct 12, 2010·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·J L N BarrattD Stark
Dec 22, 2010·Infection and Immunity·Virgínia M G SilvaLain Pontes-de-Carvalho
Apr 5, 2013·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Christine E FerragineStephen J Davies
Feb 24, 2015·Cytokine·Sarita KumariShubhankar K Singh
Aug 9, 2007·Future Microbiology·Ranadhir DeyBhaskar Saha
Nov 18, 2009·Transplantation Proceedings·J ChengS S Zheng
Apr 2, 2008·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Hong-Li YanShu-Han Sun
Jan 8, 2009·International Journal of Dermatology·Smeeta SinhaRobert A Schwartz
Mar 23, 2011·European Journal of Immunology·Subir KarmakarTripti De
Feb 18, 2011·International Journal of Immunogenetics·C R OliveiraL A Silveira
Feb 1, 2012·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·A B B MacedoP M De Luca
May 18, 2010·Vaccine·Herbert Leonel de Matos GuedesBartira Rossi-Bergmann
Apr 28, 2006·Acta Tropica·Wagner Welber Arrais-SilvaSelma Giorgio
Jun 5, 2015·Parasite Immunology·B L S CamposL F D Passero
Aug 8, 2014·Parasitology International·Matheus Batista Heitor CarneiroLeda Quercia Vieira
Jan 12, 2011·The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases·Zirlane Castelo B CoêlhoMargarida Maria L Pompeu
Apr 24, 2007·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Marianela C SerradellDiana T Masih
Mar 18, 2008·Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências·Wânia F PereiraMarcela F Lopes
Sep 12, 2008·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·Landi V C GuillermoMarcela F Lopes
Jan 18, 2006·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·E TelinoS C F Mendonça
Oct 23, 2019·Vaccines·Shubhranshu ZutshiBhaskar Saha
Jan 1, 2020·Scientific Reports·Alessandra M da Fonseca-MartinsHerbert L de Matos Guedes
Jan 8, 2021·Experimental Parasitology·Somayeh BahramiAnnahita Rezaie
Jul 3, 2021·Microorganisms·Diogo Oliveira-MacielHerbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
Jun 26, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Greta VolpedoAbhay R Satoskar