The telencephalon of the frog Xenopus based on calretinin immunostaining and gene expression patterns

Brain Research Bulletin
Aurora BroxLoreta Medina

Abstract

To further understand the organization and evolution of the telencephalon, we analyzed in the frog Xenopus laevis the expression of the genes Distal-less-4 (Xdll-4, comparable to the mouse gene Dlx2) and GAD-67 (XGAD-67, expressed in GABAergic cells), and compared this with calretinin immunostaining and the cytoarchitecture of the telencephalon. Our results show that like in other vertebrates, the telencephalon of the frog Xenopus is divided into two major territories: a basal, subpallial region showing a high density of cells expressing Xdll-4 and XGAD-67, and a dorsal, pallial region showing only few, dispersed cells expressing these genes. The subpallial territory of the frog Xenopus includes the septum, the amphibian basal ganglia, some basal forebrain cholinergic cell groups and some amygdala nuclei. In the pallium of the frog Xenopus, medial, dorsal, lateral, and ventral parts could be distinguished, similar to those described in amniotes. In summary, the amphibian telencephalon shows a basic morphogenetic organization similar to that of amniotes, which suggests that this organization is common to the telencephalon of all tetrapods.

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Citations

Oct 12, 2001·Brain Research Bulletin·L Puelles
Mar 30, 2002·Brain Research Bulletin·Rudolf Nieuwenhuys
Mar 30, 2002·Brain Research Bulletin·Luis Puelles, Loreta Medina
Jan 25, 2006·Brain, Behavior and Evolution·Frédéric LabergeGerhard Roth
Jan 12, 2013·Cerebral Cortex·Achira RoyShubha Tole
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Feb 26, 2004·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Mario F Wullimann, Thomas Mueller
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Dec 17, 2011·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Patricia GrañaJulián Yáñez
Mar 10, 2018·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Ruth MoronaAgustín González
Dec 29, 2020·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Cameron R T Exner, Helen Rankin Willsey
Oct 19, 2021·Brain, Behavior and Evolution·Isabel Rodríguez-MoldesEva Candal

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