The Therapeutic Landscape of Renal Cell Carcinoma: From the Dark Age to the Golden Age.

Seminars in Nephrology
Jennifer J Huang, James J Hsieh

Abstract

Oncologic treatments for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have undergone a major revolution in the past 2 decades, moving away from the pre-2004 Dark Age during which interleukin 2 and interferon-α were the only therapeutic options and induced treatment responses in only 5% to 10% of patients with metastatic disease. The development of anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in 2005 introduced the Modern Age with better overall and progression-free survival and a greater number of patients (30%-40%) responding to and (∼80%) benefiting from these targeted therapeutic agents. The coming of age of the immuno-oncology era with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered us into the Golden Age of metastatic RCC care, in which combined administrations of two ICIs (anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 or one tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus one ICI (anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1) have recast the treatment landscape of clear cell RCC, the most common RCC subtype, with an approximately 60% response rate an...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 22, 2020·Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology·Junpeng WangTianzhong Yan
Jan 20, 2021·Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy·Javier GonzálezGaetano Ciancio
Dec 23, 2020·Biomedicines·Ivan Y FilinAlbert A Rizvanov
Dec 15, 2020·Clinical Genitourinary Cancer·James J Hsieh
Jul 16, 2021·Drug Discovery Today·Olívia PontesMarta Costa
Aug 15, 2021·Clinical Genitourinary Cancer·Maria SorokinaJames J Hsieh

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