PMID: 8456124Jan 1, 1993Paper

The transport of copper

Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
E D Harris

Abstract

In summary, one concern of copper transport is to identify the serum component(s) that deliver copper to cells. Another, to learn how copper ions penetrate cells and engage enzymes. Ceruloplasmin and albumin have received major attention as transport agents but there could be others. Copper transport operates within a system that is sensitive to copper concentrations and poised to engage copper ions should they build up to toxic levels. Uptake studies with cultured cells suggest the presence of specific membrane channels for passing copper ions and specific binding proteins that work against concentration barriers to deliver the copper internally. Diffusion, aqueous-phase pinocytosis, may also play roles in transporting copper into cells. Most work to date supports the existence of specific transporters in the membrane, yet no such carriers have been isolated or characterized outside the environment of the cell. Model system work has opened up new and intriguing ideas that link membrane potential to transmembrane transport. Studies with lower life forms have confirmed that there may be other copper transport mechanisms functional in cells. Finally, we must recognize that nearly all the copper ions in fluids and cells exists in ...Continue Reading

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