The treatment of atrial fibrillation. An evaluation of drug therapy, electrical modalities and therapeutic considerations

Drugs
S NattelMario Talajic

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, and is responsible for considerable morbidity. Basic studies have shown that AF is usually due to the coexistence of multiple functional atrial re-entry circuits, and that the main determinant of its haemodynamic manifestations is the ventricular response rate. The major adverse clinical consequences of AF include palpitations, impaired cardiac function and thromboembolism. One approach to treating AF is to convert the patient's cardiac rhythm to sinus rhythm by direct current electrical cardioversion, which is initially successful in about 90% of cases. However, the AF recurrence rate over the year subsequent to cardioversion is very high, in the order of 75% in patients receiving no drug therapy. Class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs reduce the rate of recurrence of AF, but at the expense of a variety of potential adverse effects including ventricular proarrhythmia. The latter is a rare effect (occurring in 1 to 2% of patients receiving most drugs), but can be lethal. A second approach to therapy is to leave the patient in AF, but to control the ventricular response rate and to prevent thromboemboli with oral anticoagulants. Di...Continue Reading

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