The Type IV Secretion System of ICEAfe 1: Formation of a Conjugative Pilus in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Frontiers in Microbiology
Rodrigo Flores-RíosRaquel Quatrini

Abstract

The dispersal of mobile genetic elements and their gene cargo relies on type IV secretion systems (T4SS). In this work the ICEAfe1 Tra-type T4SS nanomachine, encoded in the publicly available genome of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270TY, was characterized in terms of its organization, conservation, expression and mating bridge formation. Twenty-one conjugative genes grouped in four genetic clusters encode the ICEAfe1 T4SS, containing all the indispensable functions for the formation and stabilization of the pili and for DNA processing. The clusters' organization resembles that of other mobile genetic elements (such as plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements-ICEs). Sequence conservation, genetic organization and distribution of the tra system in the genomes of other sequenced Acidithiobacillus spp. suggests that the ICEAfe1 T4SS could mediate the lateral gene transfer between related bacteria. All ICEAfe1 T4SS genes are transcriptionally active and expressed from four independent operons. The transcriptional levels of selected marker genes increase in response to Mitomycin C treatment, a DNA damage elicitor that has acknowledged stimulatory effects on excision rates and gene expression of other ICEs, including...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ICEs
ICE
confocal microscopy
electrophoresis
PCR
Co-transcription assay
transmission electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Pymol
Artemis ACT
Modeller
RAST
ARNold
Jalview
BlastN
GeneMarkS
Verify
STAMP

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