The universal definition of spin current.

Scientific Reports
Z AnC Liu

Abstract

The spin current, orbit angular momentum current and total angular momentum current in a tensor form have been universally defined according to the quantum electrodynamics. Their conservation quantities and the continuity equations have been discussed in different cases. Non-relativistic approximation forms are deduced in order to explain their physical meanings, and to analyze some experimental results. The spin current of helical edge states in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells is calculated to demonstrate the properties of the spin current of the two dimensional quantum spin-Hall system. A generalized spin-orbit coupling term in the semiconducting media is deduced based on the theory of the electrodynamics in the moving media. It is recommended to use the effective total angular momentum current instead of the pure spin current to describe the distribution of polarization and the transport properties in spintronics.

References

Sep 16, 2000·Physical Review Letters·S Zhang
Nov 17, 2001·Science·S A WolfD M Treger
Aug 9, 2003·Science·Shuichi MurakamiShou-Cheng Zhang
Apr 20, 2004·Physical Review Letters·Jairo SinovaA H MacDonald
Nov 13, 2004·Science·Y K KatoD D Awschalom
Apr 12, 2006·Physical Review Letters·Junren ShiQian Niu
Jul 14, 2006·Nature·S O Valenzuela, M Tinkham
Dec 31, 2008·Physical Review Letters·Bin ZhouQian Niu

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Citations

Sep 25, 2014·Scientific Reports·Huan ZhangJun-Feng Liu
Sep 26, 2015·Reports on Progress in Physics·Dario Bercioux, Procolo Lucignano

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