The universal field hypothesis of catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

CNS Spectrums
Brendan T Carroll

Abstract

Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are uncommon disorders that can be life-threatening. Many researchers consider them as clinically divergent entities; however, they share similar and overlapping literature on causative agents, phenomenology, and treatment response. This hypothesis considers both disorders as a single entity that result from variable combinations of the following: 1) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypoactivity at the GABAA receptor; 2) dopamine hypoactivity at the D2 receptor; 3) serotonin hyperactivity at the 5-HT1A receptor and hypoactivity at the 5-HT2A receptor; and 4) glutamate hypoactivity at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NDMA) receptor. In this paper, evidence to support this hypothesis is limited to retrospective human studies of catatonia and NMS. The four components of the hypothesis are: 1) GABAA agonists have been shown to alleviate catatonia and NMS; 2) D2 antagonism is proportional to the relative likelihood of NMS and catatonia; 3) 5-HT1A agonism with 5-HT2A antagonism is implicated in catatonia and NMS; 4) NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine and ketamine, reduce glutamate transmission. This hypothesis proposes that it is the interaction of these systems that prediposes,...Continue Reading

References

Jun 19, 1976·Lancet·A J Gelenberg
Oct 1, 1992·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·D A White
Oct 1, 1991·The American Journal of Psychiatry·D C Javitt, S R Zukin
Sep 15, 1991·Annals of Internal Medicine·M S Parmar
Jun 1, 1981·Annals of Emergency Medicine·M M McCarronW A Goetz
Nov 1, 1981·Psychological Medicine·B Mahendra
Dec 1, 1995·Archives of General Psychiatry·J W Olney, N B Farber
Apr 1, 1994·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·G S UngvariJ Lau
Jan 1, 1994·The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·B T CarrollA Bilon
Feb 1, 1996·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·G BushA Francis
Aug 1, 1996·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·P I Rosebush, M F Mazurek
Oct 1, 1996·Trends in Neurosciences·M F Chesselet, J M Delfs
Nov 1, 1996·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·P W BurnetP J Harrison
Apr 26, 1997·Lancet·A DanieleP Bartolomeo
Jun 1, 1997·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·B T Carroll, R E Taylor
May 29, 1999·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·P I Rosebush, M F Mazurek
Aug 6, 1999·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·B T Carroll
Aug 14, 1999·The New England Journal of Medicine·A DanieleA R Bentivoglio
Jan 26, 2000·Comprehensive Psychiatry·M KochA Francis
Jun 1, 1952·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·H CAIRNS

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 18, 2020·Curēus·Hema MekalaMuhammad Ishaq
Jul 3, 2004·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Michael DettlingOrtrud K Steinlein
Dec 17, 2004·Clinical Neuropharmacology·Andrew Wei-Chiang YehWei-Hsi Chen
Apr 6, 2006·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Yi-Yung HungTiao-Lai Huang
Sep 23, 2010·Neurocase·Edward C LauterbachLauren L Greenway
Nov 9, 2010·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Elias K AngelopoulosGeorge N Papadimitriou
Nov 20, 2013·Case Reports in Endocrinology·Sophia WongDailin Li
Feb 7, 2018·Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology·Nagihan Cevher BiniciAli Evren Tufan
Oct 31, 2019·CNS Spectrums·Inês Marques Macedo, João Gama Marques
Jul 17, 2007·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Pushpal DesarkarVinod Kumar Sinha
Nov 16, 2010·The Journal of ECT·Dirk M DhosscheUjjwal K Rout
Feb 19, 2020·International Review of Psychiatry·Charles Mormando, Andrew Francis
Jun 17, 2020·Psychological Medicine·Alexandre HarocheAli Amad
Mar 11, 2008·Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology : Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology·Sherese AliGregory L Fricchione
May 19, 2016·A & a Case Reports·Vanessa MollJoel B Zivot
Nov 28, 2002·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Radhika G MurtyRanjit C Chacko
Apr 29, 2010·Current Psychiatry Reports·Andrew Francis
Nov 4, 2020·Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports·Edward C MaderBrian J Copeland
Dec 18, 2010·Lancet Neurology·Josep DalmauRita Balice-Gordon

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Feeds

Catatonia

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome with motor and behavioral symptoms, and can occur in both patients with or without psychiatric illness. Discover the latest research on Catatonia here.

Related Papers

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
Paul J Perry, Courtney A Wilborn
Psychosomatics
Francesco CasamassimaGiovanni Battista Cassano
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
Brendan T CarrollRob Kirkhart
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Brendan T CarrollCamilo Muñoz
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved