PMID: 3745683Aug 1, 1986Paper

The use of acoustical test fixtures for the measurement of hearing protector attenuation. Part II: Modeling the external ear, simulating bone conduction, and comparing test fixture and real-ear data

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
J Schroeter, C Poesselt

Abstract

This paper investigates two main features of the human head which influence the measured attenuation of circumaural and intraaural hearing protection devices (HPDs): the external ear and the different pathways of bone conduction. A theoretical model for the external ear shows that its influence on the insertion loss of HPDs, on the sensitivity level of headphones or earphones, and on the insertion gain of hearing aids, all can be described by one equation. While it is not necessary to simulate the eardrum impedance in order to measure the insertion loss of earmuffs and the sensitivity level of headphones with acoustical test fixtures (ATFs), the required accuracy of an ear simulator is more stringent when the same measurements are performed on intraaural devices. For the evaluation of HPDs, bone conduction plays an important role. We have developed a model to estimate HPD-dependent bone conduction effects. The model includes two bone conduction sources: one in the external ear and one in the middle ear. The model explains, for example, the occlusion effect of HPDs and the masking error at low frequencies due to physiological noise that arises when real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) measurements are made. Consequently, obj...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 11, 2009·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Jérémie Voix, Frédéric Laville
Mar 13, 2014·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Martin K BrummundFrédéric Laville
Dec 1, 2013·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Guilhem VialletJérôme Boutin
Aug 7, 2008·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Annelies BockstaelBart Vinck
Sep 6, 2014·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Guilhem VialletJérôme Boutin
May 30, 2015·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Hugues NélisseJérémie Voix
Dec 15, 2015·Hearing Research·Stefan Stenfelt
Dec 22, 2014·Hearing Research·Stefan Stenfelt
Nov 26, 2016·International Journal of Audiology·Cameron J FacklerMichael E Stergar
Mar 3, 2020·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Yufei Liu, Lauraine Wells
Oct 9, 2007·International Journal of Audiology·Stefan Stenfelt, Sabine Reinfeldt
Nov 1, 2003·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Elliott H BergerDan Gauger

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