The Use of Ex Vivo Organ Cultures in Tick-Borne Virus Research

ACS Infectious Diseases
Jeffrey M GrabowskiMarshall E Bloom

Abstract

Each year there are more than 15 000 cases of human disease caused by infections with tick-borne viruses (TBVs). These illnesses occur worldwide and can range from very mild illness to severe encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Although TBVs are currently identified as neglected vector-borne pathogens and receive less attention than mosquito-borne viruses, TBVs are expanding into new regions, and infection rates are increasing. Furthermore, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, and other countermeasures are limited. The application of contemporary technologies to TBV infections presents an excellent opportunity to develop improved, effective countermeasures. Experimental tick and mammal models of infection can be used to characterize determinants of infection, transmission, and virulence and to test candidate countermeasures. The use of ex vivo tick cultures in TBV research provides a unique way to look at infection in specific tick organs. Mammal ex vivo organ slice and, more recently, organoid cultures are additional models that can be used to elucidate direct tissue-specific responses to infection. These ex vivo model systems are convenient for testing methods involving transcript knockdown and small molecules under tightly ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 9, 2020·Current Protocols in Microbiology·Jeffrey M Grabowski, Ryan Kissinger
Oct 6, 2020·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Benjamin L KendallMarshall E Bloom
Jan 24, 2021·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Melbourne Rio TalactacTetsuya Tanaka
Jul 1, 2021·Pathogens and Global Health·Cristiano SalataLesley Bell-Sakyi

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