PMID: 6400201Jan 1, 1984Paper

The use of functional electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients

Central Nervous System Trauma : Journal of the American Paralysis Association
J S Petrofsky, C A Phillips

Abstract

Computer-directed functional electrical stimulation that employs closed-loop (feedback) technology has been used for rehabilitation of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. This paper summarizes the most recent developments in our laboratory. First, the design of an adaptive control system is described, and its resultant controllability is reviewed. Second, our current results with the isokinetic leg trainer are summarized with respect to muscular strength and mass and cardiovascular changes in paraplegics and quadriplegics. Third, our current results with the exercise bicycle ergometer are summarized regarding muscular endurance and cardiovascular changes in control, paraplegic, and quadriplegic subjects. Fourth, impact vibration is reviewed as a potential technique to reverse disuse osteoporosis, and clinical case studies are cited. Fifth and finally, thermoregulatory studies are presented for the first time on control, paraplegic, and quadriplegic subjects. Conclusions are drawn regarding mechanisms and recommendations made for exercise of SCI subjects in hot and humid environments.

References

Feb 1, 1979·Paraplegia·G S BrindleyD N Rushton
Sep 1, 1979·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·J S Petrofsky, C A Phillips
Apr 1, 1975·The Journal of Physiology·H S Milner-Brown, R B Stein
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Jan 1, 1980·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·J S Petrofsky, A R Lind
Aug 1, 1980·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·J S PetrofskyC A Phillips
Aug 27, 1954·The Journal of Physiology·B BIGLAND, O C LIPPOLD
Jun 1, 1962·American Journal of Surgery·A E COMARRE BORS

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Citations

Oct 1, 1996·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·T J BarstowB J Whipp
Oct 1, 2004·Sports Medicine·Patrick L Jacobs, Mark S Nash
Aug 16, 2013·Nanoscale·Jacqueline Y TylerJi-Xin Cheng
May 20, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Soheil MottaghiUlrich G Hofmann
Jul 1, 2007·Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·Dries M Hettinga, Brian J Andrews
Feb 8, 2003·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·J S Petrofsky
Jan 3, 2006·Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy : JNPT·Mark S Nash
Aug 16, 2000·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·M BélangerB Leduc

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