The use of random controls in genetic association studies

Human Heredity
Chad Garner

Abstract

The optimal control sample would be ethnically-matched and at minimal risk of developing the disease. Alternatively, one could collect random individuals from the population or select individuals to reduce the number of at-risk individuals in the sample. The effect of randomly selected individuals in a control sample on the statistical power and the odds ratio estimate was investigated. Case and control genotype distributions were simulated using standard genetic models with an additional term representing the proportion of unidentified cases in the control sample. Power and odds ratio were calculated from the genotype distributions generated under different sampling scenarios using established methods. Random sampling of controls resulted in a loss in power and a reduction in the odds ratio estimate to a degree that is determined by the proportion of random sampling and the prevalence of the disease. Random sampling resulted in a 19% loss in power for a disease having prevalence of 0.20, compared to a control sample that contained no at-risk individuals. Having random controls results in a decrease in the odds ratio estimate. Investigators planning case-control genetic association studies should be aware of the statistical cos...Continue Reading

References

Jun 3, 2000·Genetics·J K PritchardP Donnelly
Oct 11, 2001·American Journal of Human Genetics·H H GöringJ Blangero
Jul 2, 2003·Pharmacogenomics·Elad Ziv, Esteban González Burchard
Feb 16, 2005·Genetic Epidemiology·Hua TangNeil J Risch

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Citations

Aug 4, 2009·Human Molecular Genetics·C P GarnerS L Neuhausen
Nov 17, 2009·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Espen MelumTom H Karlsen
Feb 18, 2011·Genetic Epidemiology·Chad Garner

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