The use of single sample clearance estimates to probe hepatic drug metabolism: handprinting the influence of cigarette smoking on human hepatic drug metabolism

Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems
K A BachmannR B Forney

Abstract

1. Conditions were examined under which estimates of drug clearance made from a single measurement of plasma concentration effectively represented multiple-sample estimates of clearance for quinidine, valproic acid, unbound valproic acid, and lorazepam. When plasma concentrations were measured at various post-dose times, both individual and mean values of single-sample clearance estimates, CL, corresponded closely to multiple-sample clearance estimates. Best post-dose sampling times were: quinidine, 8 h; valproic acid, 24 h; and lorazepam, 24 h. 2. Single-sample clearance estimates, CL, were calculated for seven drugs employed as probes of human hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Valproic acid was used to probe microsomal and peroxisomal beta-oxidase activity; antipyrine, phenytoin, quinidine, carbamazepine, and theophylline were used as probes of hepatic mixed-function oxidases (MFO), and lorazepam as a probe for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity. 3. A clearance index (CI, namely probe CL for smokers divided by probe CL for non-smokers) was calculated for each probe. The effect of cigarette smoking (and presumably polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure) on all probe CL values was consolidated and plotted as the logarithm ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 1993·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·S WanwimolrukS Thitiarchakul
Mar 1, 1993·Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems·K A Bachmann, L Jauregui

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