The Vacuolating Autotransporter Toxin (Vat) of Escherichia coli Causes Cell Cytoskeleton Changes and Produces Non-lysosomal Vacuole Formation in Bladder Epithelial Cells.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Juan Manuel DíazAlma Lilian Guerrero-Barrera

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect more than 150 million people, with a cost of over 3.5 billion dollars, each year. Escherichia coli is associated with 70-80% of UTIs. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) has virulence factors including adhesins, siderophores, and toxins that damage host cells. Vacuolating autotransporter toxin (Vat) is a member of serine protease autotransporter proteins of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) present in some uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains. Vat has been identified in 20-36% of UPEC and is present in almost 68% of urosepsis isolates. However, the mechanism of action of Vat on host cells is not well-known. Thus, in this study the effect of Vat in a urothelium model of bladder cells was investigated. Several toxin concentrations were tested for different time periods, resulting in 15-47% of cellular damage as measured by the LDH assay. Vat induced vacuole formation on the urothelium model in a time-dependent manner. Vat treatment showed loss of the intercellular contacts on the bladder cell monolayer, observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. This was also shown using antibodies against ZO-1 and occludin by immunofluorescence. Additionally, changes in permeability of the epithelial monolayer was demons...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Berenice Plasencia-MuñozAlma L Guerrero-Barrera

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
QDB64244.1

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
Assay
Scanning Electron Microscopy
confocal microscopy
Scanning Electronic Microscopy

Software Mentioned

Zen Black
GraphPad Prism

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