The validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening depression in primary health care patients in Botswana

BMC Psychiatry
Keneilwe MolebatsiGrace Nduku Wambua

Abstract

The lack of locally validated screening instruments contributes to poor detection of depression in primary care. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a brief and freely available screening tool which was developed for primary care settings; however, its accuracy may be affected by the population in which it is administered. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of PHQ-9 for screening depression in a primary care population in Botswana. Data was collected from a conveniently selected sample of 257 adult primary care attendants. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) depression module was used as a gold standard to assess criterion validity. Sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 for screening for major depression were 72.4 and 76.3 respectively at a cut off score of nine or more. The area under the ROC curve was 0.808. The PHQ-9 demonstrated good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.799. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlation (r = 0.528, p < 0.001) between PHQ-9 and the MINI. Significant negative correlation between PHQ-9 scores and all four domains of the WHO quality of life questionnaire- brief version scores demonstrated good convergent valid...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 30, 2020·The Journal of International Medical Research·Philip R OpondoJames O Ayugi
May 11, 2021·African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine·Keneilwe MotlhatlhediGrace N Wambua

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