The visual control of landing and obstacle avoidance in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Floris van Breugel, Michael H Dickinson

Abstract

Landing behavior is one of the most critical, yet least studied, aspects of insect flight. In order to land safely, an insect must recognize a visual feature, navigate towards it, decelerate, and extend its legs in preparation for touchdown. Although previous studies have focused on the visual stimuli that trigger these different components, the complete sequence has not been systematically studied in a free-flying animal. Using a real-time 3D tracking system in conjunction with high speed digital imaging, we were able to capture the landing sequences of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) from the moment they first steered toward a visual target, to the point of touchdown. This analysis was made possible by a custom-built feedback system that actively maintained the fly in the focus of the high speed camera. The results suggest that landing is composed of three distinct behavioral modules. First, a fly actively turns towards a stationary target via a directed body saccade. Next, it begins to decelerate at a point determined by both the size of the visual target and its rate of expansion on the retina. Finally, the fly extends its legs when the visual target reaches a threshold retinal size of approximately 60 deg. Our data a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 30, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Emily BairdMandyam V Srinivasan
Oct 29, 2013·Annual Review of Entomology·Michael H Dickinson
Apr 12, 2014·Science·Florian T MuijresMichael H Dickinson
Aug 15, 2014·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Alexander Borst
Mar 8, 2013·PLoS Computational Biology·Andrea CensiMichael H Dickinson
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