PMID: 9548642Apr 21, 1998Paper

The vulnerable preschool child: the impact of biomedical and social risks on neurodevelopmental function

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
M E MsallB Lester

Abstract

The scope of preschool children with biological risk and social disadvantage is large and includes over 1 million (28%) newborns per year. Currently in 1996, 7% of children are born with low birth weight, 1% are born with very low birth weight, 20% have alcohol exposure, and 10% have other drug exposure. Poverty is dynamic and impacts on 25% of children less than 6 years old with increased frequency in children who are minority, have mothers with less than a high school education, or are unmarried. There has been a markedly increased survival in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants in the past 10 years. Outcomes of these neonatal populations reveals that parenchymal brain injury is the major predictor of cerebral palsy which occurs in 7% to 10% of very low birth weight survivors. However, poverty is the major predictor of low IQ. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in 1.9 per 1,000 births and is most often associated with mild mental retardation and educational underachievement. Studies investigating cocaine revealed that it is a multifactorial problem overlapping with polysubstance abuse and other risk factors for social disadvantage. The overwhelming number of children do not have cerebral palsy or severe me...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 28, 2002·Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews·Michael E Msall, Michelle R Tremont
Jul 9, 2008·The Clinical Neuropsychologist·A K Heffelfinger, J I Koop
Feb 1, 2007·Healthcare Policy = Politiques De Santé·Lisa GrilliRaynald Pineault
Oct 10, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·W Thomas BoyceNancy Adler
Sep 5, 2012·Brain & Development·Ursula AntoniniGian Paolo Ramelli
Apr 27, 2010·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Danilo R de MouraFernando C Barros
Feb 11, 2005·Nursing Forum·Isabell B Purdy
Aug 5, 2014·Child: Care, Health and Development·S WoolfendenL Kemp
Dec 2, 2000·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·G M BuckB T Rogers
Mar 12, 2005·Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics·Mary-Ann L Fulks, Susan R Harris
Oct 18, 2005·Journal of Child Neurology·Michael ShevellRena Birnbaum
Nov 24, 1999·American Journal of Medical Genetics·M E Msall, M R Tremont
Oct 30, 2013·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Jamie Mahurin SmithStephen A Petrill
Dec 6, 2017·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Jamie Mahurin-SmithStephen A Petrill
Dec 22, 2020·Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence·Sarah E BillsJessica Bradshaw
Apr 15, 2011·Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP·Jack MaypoleMarilyn Augustyn
Sep 3, 2004·Pediatrics·Jeffrey RothSteven B Morse
Apr 3, 2004·Pediatrics·Michael E MsallUNKNOWN Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group

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