PMID: 2503294Aug 1, 1989Paper

The WHO multicentre trial of the vasopressor effects of combined oral contraceptives: 1. Comparisons with IUD. Task Force on Oral Contraceptives. WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction

Contraception

Abstract

Changes in blood pressure were measured at three-monthly intervals over one year in a prospective study of 704 women using an oral contraceptive (OC) containing levonorgestrel 250 ug with ethinyl estradiol 50 ug and 703 women using an intrauterine device (IUD). The study was conducted in 11 centres in seven developing and three developed countries. Women using OC developed systolic blood pressures which were 3.6-5.0 mmHg higher than those using IUDs; their diastolic pressures became 1.9-2.7 mm higher. The OC-induced change was not affected by climate, age, a family history of hypertension, stroke or heart disease or by a history of hypertension in pregnancy. The life-table rate of hypertension (BP 140/90 or more) in the first year of OC treatment was 0.6 +/- 0.4 in the developing countries and 1.1 +/- 0.8 in the developed ones, per 100 woman-years of use. The vasopressor response to OC varied widely between centres but was not obviously related to the economic development of the country.

References

May 4, 1985·British Medical Journal·A Muirhead
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Sep 7, 1974·British Medical Journal·V M HawthorneD G Beevers
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Citations

Jan 11, 2003·Contraception·Jaqueline Neves LubiancaFlávio Danni Fuchs
Mar 9, 1996·Lancet·C D GoonasekeraM J Dillon
Jun 1, 1997·The British Journal of Nutrition·B DiffeyK O'Dea
Apr 23, 2002·Pharmacogenomics·Paolo MulateroFranco Veglio
Apr 4, 2014·High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension·Andrea FerrucciGiuliano Tocci
Jul 15, 2015·Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·Cassiana Rosa Galvão GiribelaNilson Roberto de Melo
Aug 28, 2013·Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease·Phyllis August
Jun 12, 1995·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·P MuhnE Schillinger

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