The Women's Health Initiative Estrogen-alone Trial had differential disease and medical expenditure consequences across age groups.

Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society
Macarius M DonneyongJoann E Manson

Abstract

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial identified age differences in the benefit-risk profile of estrogen-alone (ET) use. The impact of WHI trial on disease-associated medical expenditures attributable to subsequent decreased ET utilization has, however, not been measured. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to quantify the age-specific disease-associated medical expenditures attributable to reduced ET utilization after the WHI Hormone Therapy (HT) trials. Population-level disease counts and associated expenditures between 2003 and 2015 were compared between an observed ET-user population versus a hypothetical ET-user population assuming absence of the WHI HT trials, constructed by extrapolating ET utilization rates from 1996 to 2002 assuming pre-WHI HT rates would have continued without publication of the WHI HT trial data (2002-2004). Analyses were stratified by age (50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years). Input data were extracted from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and the literature. The primary outcomes were: ET utilization, chronic diseases (breast cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer, pulmonary embolism, and hip fracture) and disease-associated direct medical expenditures. Over 13 ...Continue Reading

References

Feb 28, 2002·Cardiovascular Research·Tomi S Mikkola, Thomas B Clarkson
Jul 19, 2002·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Jacques E RossouwUNKNOWN Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators
Jan 8, 2004·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Adam L HershRandall S Stafford
Apr 15, 2004·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Garnet L AndersonUNKNOWN Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee
Sep 24, 2004·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety·Diane K Wysowski, Laura A Governale
Oct 28, 2004·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Sumit R MajumdarRandall S Stafford
Jan 25, 2005·Journal of Women's Health·Jennifer J HillmanEuni Lee
Jun 1, 2006·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Jun MaRandall S Stafford
Jul 4, 2006·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Esther Hing, Kate M Brett
Dec 20, 2007·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Yali A BairShelley R Adler
Nov 14, 2008·Journal of Health Services Research & Policy·John Brazier
Oct 9, 2009·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·UNKNOWN Writing Group on behalf of Workshop Consensus Group
Feb 16, 2010·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·UNKNOWN North American Menopause Society
Dec 4, 2010·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Sandra A TsaiRandall S Stafford
Apr 7, 2011·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Andrea Z LaCroixUNKNOWN WHI Investigators
Sep 9, 2015·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Andrew M Kaunitz, JoAnn E Manson
Jun 27, 2017·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·UNKNOWN The NAMS 2017 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel
Apr 15, 2018·American Heart Journal·Jacqueline B ShreibatiMark A Hlatky
Dec 27, 2018·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Sybil L CrawfordHadine Joffe

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 29, 2020·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Philip M Sarrel
Nov 26, 2020·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Keiko HashimotoToyoko Yoshizawa
May 15, 2020·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Walter A Rocca
Mar 16, 2021·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·W A RoccaE A Stewart
Feb 4, 2021·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Stephanie S Faubion

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Elizabeth P GurneyFrederick Naftolin
Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society
Ira M HeleniusEthan A Halm
Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
A H MacLennan, D W Sturdee
Menopause International
Margaret Rees
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved