The zooflagellates Stephanopogon and Percolomonas are a clade (class Percolatea: Phylum Percolozoa)

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
T Cavalier-Smith, Sergey I Nikolaev

Abstract

The enigmatic marine protozoan Stephanopogon was first classified with ciliate protozoa because its pellicle also has rows of cilia. As ciliates have nuclear dimorphism with separate germline and somatic nuclei, Stephanopogon with several identical nuclei was regarded as a model for a hypothetical homokaryotic ancestor of ciliates. When electron microscopy revealed radical differences from ciliates this idea was abandoned, but its evolutionary position remains controversial, affinities with three other phyla being suggested. We sequenced 18S rDNA from Stephanopogon aff. minuta and actin genes from it and Stephanopogon apogon to clarify their evolutionary position. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA nest S. aff. minuta and Stephanopogon minuta securely within the protozoan phylum Percolozoa with zooflagellates of the genus Percolomonas, their closest relatives, comprising the clade Percolatea. This supports a previous grouping of Stephanopogon (order Pseudociliatida) with Percolomonas (order Percolomonadida) as a purely zooflagellate class Percolatea within Percolozoa, in contrast to the fundamentally amoeboid Heterolobosea, which are probably ancestral to Percolatea. Stephanopogon actins evolve exceptionally fast: actin trees pl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 30, 2011·Protist·Alexey V SmirnovThomas Cavalier-Smith
Apr 4, 2009·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Thomas Cavalier-Smith
May 17, 2014·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Won Je LeeAlastair G B Simpson
Apr 15, 2014·International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology·Tomáš PánekIvan Čepička
Aug 26, 2014·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Thomas Cavalier-SmithRhodri Lewis
Oct 12, 2010·European Journal of Protistology·Johan F De JonckheereKarl O Stetter
Aug 26, 2014·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Thomas Cavalier-SmithRhodri Lewis
Jun 22, 2016·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Tomáš TymlIva Dyková
Jul 27, 2010·Systematic Biology·Laura Wegener ParfreyLaura A Katz
Jul 20, 2021·European Journal of Protistology·Sarah CarduckHartmut Arndt

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