Theoretical framework of statistical noise in scanning transmission electron microscopy

Ultramicroscopy
Takehito SekiN Shibata

Abstract

Statistical noise, or shot noise, dominates experimental image quality in scanning transmission electron microscopy because efficiencies of recent detectors are close to ideal. We establish a general framework for the statistical noise taking into account two random processes in the electron incidence and the electron scattering. Using this framework, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, we evaluate several STEM coherent imaging techniques: annular bright field, enhanced annular bright field, differential phase contrast, and ptychography and show that ptychography is the most efficient imaging for weak phase objects. Moreover, we find that normalizing annular-bright-field image by total electron count in the bright field significantly suppress the noise.

References

Apr 1, 1977·Ultramicroscopy·H Rose
Apr 22, 2010·Journal of Electron Microscopy·Naoya ShibataYuichi Ikuhara
May 29, 2012·Ultramicroscopy·Matthias LohrJosef Zweck
Oct 31, 2013·Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·Ryo IshikawaStephen J Pennycook
Dec 17, 2014·Nature Communications·Knut MüllerAndreas Rosenauer
Dec 2, 2015·Ultramicroscopy·Xiahan Sang, James M LeBeau
Jan 12, 2016·Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·Mark W TateSol M Gruner
Mar 5, 2016·Science Advances·Takao MatsumotoNaoya Shibata

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Citations

Feb 29, 2020·Advanced Materials·Qiaoli ChenYihan Zhu
May 21, 2020·Scientific Reports·Jeffrey M Ede, Richard Beanland
Dec 29, 2020·Ultramicroscopy·Colum M O'LearyPeter D Nellist
May 6, 2019·Ultramicroscopy·Kousuke OoeNaoya Shibata
Jun 23, 2020·Ultramicroscopy·Satoko ToyamaNaoya Shibata

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