Therapeutic Concentrations of Metformin: A Systematic Review

Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Farshad KajbafJean-Daniel Lalau

Abstract

Metformin has been available since 1957. Over 50 years later, one can legitimately question whether a clear definition of its "therapeutic concentrations" is available. The objective of this systematic review was to establish whether or not there is a literature consensus on the "therapeutic concentrations" of metformin. We systematically searched the scientific literature with the keywords "metformin", "therapeutic concentration", "therapeutic level", and "therapeutic range". When the suggested values were defined by citing a literature reference, the types of studies in cited references and the concordance of data between the citations and theirs sources were studied. We identified 120 documents that reported or cited 65 different "therapeutic" plasma metformin concentrations or ranges. The values ranged from 0.129 to 90 mg/L, and the lowest and highest boundaries were 0 and 1800 mg/L. Only four original research studies determined a "therapeutic concentration". Fifty-four publications cited previous studies as defining the therapeutic concentrations, whereas 62 publications mentioned "therapeutic concentrations" but did not even cite a supporting reference. The supporting references were mostly reviews, pharmacokinetic studi...Continue Reading

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