Therapeutic options and emerging alternatives for multidrug resistant staphylococcal infections

Current Pharmaceutical Design
Maria MaganaGeorge P Tegos

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains the single biggest challenge in infectious disease in the civilized world. Moreover, vancomycin resistance is also spreading, leading to fears of untreatable infections as were common in ancient times. Molecular microbiology and bioinformatics have revealed many of the mechanisms involved in resistance development. Mobile genetic elements, up-regulated virulence factors and multi-drug efflux pumps have been implicated. A range of approved antibiotics from the glycopeptide, lipopeptide, pleuromutilin, macrolide, oxazolidinone, lincosamide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, steptogramin, and cephalosporin classes has been employed to treat MRSA infections. The upcoming pipeline of drugs for MRSA includes some new compounds from the above classes, together with fluoroquinolones, antibacterial peptide mimetics, aminomethylciclines, porphyrins, peptide deformylase inhibitors, oxadiazoles, and diaminopyrimidines. A range of non-drug alternative approaches has emerged for MRSA treatment. Bacteriophage-therapy including purified lysins has made a comeback after being discovered in the 1930s. Quorum-sensing inhibitors are under investigation. Small molecule inhibitors of multi-drug ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 8, 2016·Biomaterials·Evangelia TegouGeorge P Tegos
Sep 13, 2016·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Soukaina El-GuendouzMaria L Faleiro
Jul 26, 2017·PloS One·Virginia AbatángeloHéctor R Morbidoni
Oct 28, 2015·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Katherine W LaVieCatherine S O'Neal

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