Thermal stability study of nitrogen functionalities in a graphene network

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
Ajay KumarPagona Papakonstantinou

Abstract

Catalyst-free vertically aligned graphene nanoflakes possessing a large amount of high density edge planes were functionalized using nitrogen species in a low energy N(+) ion bombardment process to achieve pyridinic, cyanide and nitrogen substitution in hexagonal graphitic coordinated units. The evolution of the electronic structure of the functionalized graphene nanoflakes over the temperature range 20-800 °C was investigated in situ, using high resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We demonstrate that low energy irradiation is a useful tool for achieving nitrogen doping levels up to 9.6 at.%. Pyridinic configurations are found to be predominant at room temperature, while at 800 °C graphitic nitrogen configurations become the dominant ones. The findings have helped to provide an understanding of the thermal stability of nitrogen functionalities in graphene, and offer prospects for controllable tuning of nitrogen doping in device applications.

References

May 9, 2009·Science·Xinran WangHongjie Dai
Oct 13, 2009·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Xiaolin LiHongjie Dai
Oct 12, 2010·ACS Nano·Arava Leela Mohana ReddyPulickel M Ajayan
Mar 25, 2011·Nature Chemistry·Jan M EnglertAndreas Hirsch
Jun 30, 2011·Nature Communications·Brian J SchultzSarbajit Banerjee
Aug 20, 2011·Science·Liuyan ZhaoAbhay N Pasupathy

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