Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Path toward Efficient Electroluminescence in Purely Organic Materials: Molecular Level Insight

Accounts of Chemical Research
Xian-Kai ChenJean-Luc Brédas

Abstract

Since the seminal work of Tang and Vanslyke in 1987 on small-molecule emitters and that of Friend and co-workers in 1990 on conjugated-polymer emitters, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention from academia as well as industry, as the OLED market is estimated to reach the $30 billion mark by the end of 2018. In these first-generation organic emitters, on the basis of simple spin statistics, electrical excitation resulted in the formation of ∼25% singlet excitons and ∼75% triplet excitons. Radiative decay of the singlet excitons to the singlet ground state leads to a prompt fluorescence emission, while the triplet excitons only lead to weak phosphorescence due to the very small spin-orbit couplings present in purely organic molecules. The consequence is a ca. 75% energy loss, which triggered wide-ranging efforts to try and harvest as many of the triplet excitons as possible. In 1998, Thompson, Forrest, and their co-workers reported second-generation OLED emitters based on coordination complexes with heavy transition metals (e.g., iridium or platinum). Here, the triplet excitons stimulate efficient and fast phosphorescence due to the strong spin-orbit couplings enabled by the heavy-metal atoms. Interna...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Manon CatherinFrédéric Fages
Jul 30, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Hong WangFrancis D'Souza
Aug 14, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Yong Sheng ZhaoZhigang Shuai
Sep 19, 2019·Nature Communications·Zhiwei ZhangHe Tian
Dec 19, 2019·Nature Communications·Takahiko YamanakaChihaya Adachi
Feb 28, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Javier Sanz-RodrigoJuan-Carlos Sancho-García
Jul 29, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Edurne Avellanal-ZaballaMaría J Ortiz
Jul 7, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Wei WangQichun Zhang
Nov 25, 2020·Chemical Society Reviews·Yuwei XuYuguang Ma
Dec 15, 2020·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Rama DhaliAnna Painelli
Aug 13, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Santosh Kumar BeheraJohannes Gierschner
Jul 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Thomas HofbeckHartmut Yersin
Jul 1, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Shiqi HuXiaofeng Huang
Jul 17, 2021·Chemistry of Materials : a Publication of the American Chemical Society·Matthias HempeMartin R Bryce
Jul 20, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Andrzej L Sobolewski, Wolfgang Domcke
Jul 23, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Laura Abad GalánTangui Le Bahers
May 30, 2019·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Xian-Kai ChenJean-Luc Bredas
May 16, 2019·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces·Kai-Lin WoonAndrew P Monkman
Aug 28, 2019·Accounts of Chemical Research·Anjan Bedi, Ori Gidron

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