PMID: 8962475Nov 29, 1996Paper

Thermodynamics of the binding of ligands by macromolecules

Biophysical Chemistry
Robert A Alberty

Abstract

The thermodynamics of the binding of ligands by proteins and other biological macromolecules has been treated by Wyman and others on the basis of the binding polynomial and the binding potential. However, the thermodynamics of the binding of ligands by small molecules and the effects of ligands on the apparent equilibrium constants of biochemical reactions has been developed on the basis of Legendre transformed Gibbs energies of formation. This article brings these seemingly disparate approaches together by considering simple systems and the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. When the ligand is H+, examples involving small molecules show that the standard transformed Gibbs energy of formation of a reactant at a specified pH is equal to the negative of the binding potential plus a term related to the standard thermodynamic properties of the elements. The standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation of eight forms of deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin are calculated here for a specific set of conditions. This is the most efficient way to store the information from the seven independent apparent equilibrium constants involved. In a second step, a Legendre transform is used to introduce the concentration of molecular oxygen a...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1976·The Biochemical Journal·C Greenwood, T Brittain
Apr 1, 1975·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J Wyman
Nov 1, 1974·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·G K Ackers, H R Halvorson
Nov 1, 1968·European Journal of Biochemistry·J Van Beeumen, J De Ley
Jul 20, 1994·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·R A Alberty
Sep 1, 1993·Biophysical Journal·R A Alberty
May 1, 1997·Biophysical Journal·R A Alberty
Mar 1, 1965·Journal of Molecular Biology·J WYMAN
Jan 1, 1964·Advances in Protein Chemistry·J WYMAN

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Citations

Aug 14, 2003·Biophysical Chemistry·Robert A Alberty
Jul 12, 2013·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Isaac Herrera, Mitchell A Winnik
Nov 25, 2006·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Abdol-Khalegh BordbarThomas Haertle

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