Thinking aloud influences perceived time

Human Factors
Morten Hertzum, Kristin Due Holmegaard

Abstract

We investigate whether thinking aloud influences perceived time. Thinking aloud is widely used in usability evaluation, yet it is debated whether thinking aloud influences thought and behavior. If thinking aloud is restricted to the verbalization of information to which a person is already attending, there is evidence that thinking aloud does not influence thought and behavior. In an experiment, 16 thinking-aloud participants and 16 control participants solved a code-breaking task 24 times each. Participants estimated task duration. The 24 trials involved two levels of time constraint (timed, untimed) and resulted in two levels of success (solved, unsolved). The ratio of perceived time to clock time was lower for thinking-aloud than control participants. Participants overestimated time by an average of 47% (thinking aloud) and 94% (control). The effect of thinking aloud on time perception also held separately for timed, untimed, solved, and unsolved trials. Thinking aloud (verbalization at Levels 1 and 2) influences perceived time. Possible explanations of this effect include that thinking aloud may require attention, cause a processing shift that overshadows the perception of time, or increase mental workload. For usability ev...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1991·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·T D Wilson, J W Schooler
Oct 11, 2002·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·Heejung S Kim
Sep 27, 1974·Science·A Tversky, D Kahneman
Mar 25, 2009·British Journal of Psychology·K J GilhoolyN Henretty
Apr 21, 2010·Acta Psychologica·Richard A BlockDan Zakay

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Citations

Jul 29, 2016·PloS One·Anna L Toscano-ZapiénDavid N Velázquez-Martínez
Nov 30, 2019·Nursing Management·Jayne Elizabeth Marran
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Sònia Anglès-Acedo On Behalf Of The Women-Up Consortium
Sep 24, 2018··Kristina Bonde KristoffersenMorten Hertzum

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