Thiocyanate, calcium and sulfate as causes of toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia in a hard rock mining effluent

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Kevin V BrixMartin Grosell

Abstract

A series of Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs) to identify the cause(s) of observed toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia have been conducted on a hard rock mining effluent. Characteristic of hard rock mining discharges, the effluent has elevated (∼3000 mg l(-1)) total dissolved solids (TDS) composed primarily of Ca(2+) and SO(4)(2-). The effluent typically exhibits 6-12 toxic units (TUs) when tested with C. dubia. Phase I and II toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) indicated Ca(2+) and SO(4)(2-) contributed only ∼4 TUs of toxicity, but this was likely an underestimate due to problems with simulating the supersaturated CaSO(4) concentrations in the effluent. Treatment of the effluent with BaCO(3) to precipitate Ca(2+) and SO(4)(2-) revealed that these ions contribute ∼6 TUs of the observed toxicity, but the remaining source(s) of toxicity (up to 6 TUs) remained unidentified. Subsequent investigations identified thiocyanate (SCN(-)) in the effluent at 100-150 μM. Toxicity tests reveal that C. dubia are sensitive to SCN(-) with an estimated IC25 of 8.3 μΜ for reproduction in moderately hard water suggesting between 12 and 18 TUs of toxicity in the effluent. Additional experiments demonstrated that SCN(-) toxicity is reduce...Continue Reading

References

Feb 5, 2000·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·F BhuniaA Kaviraj
Jun 8, 2004·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Donna R Kashian, Stanley I Dodson
Feb 5, 2008·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Adalto Bianchini, Chris M Wood

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Citations

Sep 8, 2011·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Naveen Puttaswamy, Karsten Liber
Dec 21, 2018·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·David R MountTeresa J Norberg-King

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