Thoracic morphology in Near Eastern Neandertals and early modern humans compared with recent modern humans from high and low altitudes

Journal of Human Evolution
Karen J Weinstein

Abstract

Paleoanthropologists have long noted the unique "hyper-barrel-shaped" Neandertal thorax as inferred from fragmentary ribs, clavicles, and sterna. Yet scholars disagree whether the Neandertal thorax represents an adaptation to cold climates or elevated activity levels. Given the difficulties of reconstructing overall chest shape from isolated and fragmentary thoracic skeletal elements, it is worthwhile comparing Neandertals and contemporaneous early modern human fossils from the same geographic region to recent modern human skeletons that are known to have enlarged chests. This study compares thoracic skeletal morphology in two Near Eastern Neandertals (Tabūn C1 and Shanidar 3) and two early modern humans from the same region (Skhūl IV and V) with four samples of recent modern human skeletons from the Andes (n=347): two coastal groups and two groups from high altitudes. The two highland groups, similar to their living descendants, exhibit morphological evidence of anteroposteriorly deep and mediolaterally wide chests as part of respiratory adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia. I calculated the percentage of deviation of each Neandertal and early modern human fossil from the means of the four recent modern human samples for clavi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 20, 2016·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Daniel García-MartínezMarkus Bastir
Mar 3, 2012·Journal of Human Evolution·Asier Gómez-OlivenciaJuan Luis Arsuaga
Oct 23, 2010·Journal of Human Evolution·Asier Gómez-OlivenciaEudald Carbonell
Jun 23, 2009·Journal of Human Evolution·Asier Gómez-OlivenciaJuan Luis Arsuaga
Mar 15, 2016·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Miki Ben-DorRan Barkai
Jul 4, 2013·Journal of Anatomy·Cayetana Martinez-MazaManuel Nieto-Díaz
Nov 5, 2011·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Ella BeenPatricia A Kramer
Mar 13, 2014·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Ella BeenPatricia A Kramer
Nov 20, 2014·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Luca FiorenzaOttmar Kullmer
Nov 12, 2013·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Ben MerseyAlban Defleur
Feb 9, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Daniel García-MartínezMarkus Bastir
Feb 17, 2019·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Stephanie MelilloJean-Jacques Hublin
Apr 3, 2021·Evolutionary Anthropology·Cara OcobockAlexandra Niclou
Mar 3, 2018·Journal of Human Evolution·Asier Gómez-OlivenciaBruno Maureille

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