PMID: 7030890Jul 1, 1981Paper

Thoughts on in-toeing and out-toeing: twenty years' experience with over 5000 cases and a review of the literature

Foot & Ankle
M S WeseleyA L Eisenstein

Abstract

We are reporting over 5000 cases of children presenting with toeing-in or toeing-out problems. Patients were seen over a period of 20 years. The toeing-in and toeing-out gait patterns are discussed in terms of the relationship to the hip joint and the tibiofibular unit. It is concluded by the authors that most of these problems represent normal variants in the development of the child and require no treatment. The necessity and modalities of therapy for the remainder are discussed in detail. The current literature on the subject is also reviewed.

References

Nov 1, 1977·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·L T StaheliP Denotter
Jul 1, 1972·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·R L FisherJ D Bronzino
Sep 1, 1971·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·O KhermoshS L Weissman
May 1, 1980·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume·M S Moreland
May 1, 1980·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume·R P JakobE Stüssi

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Citations

Jan 1, 1990·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·F Forriol Campos, J A Pascual Maiques
Feb 17, 2000·Clinical Biomechanics·C S HoS C Lin
Mar 5, 2016·Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : the Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences·Mohammad Hadi NouraiAbdullah Maleki Rizi
Feb 1, 1985·Journal of Child Language·R Watson
Sep 1, 1992·Journal of Internal Medicine·L E Böttiger

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