PMID: 8946771Nov 1, 1996Paper

Three-dimensional laser scanning two-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy of polymer materials using a new, efficient upconverting fluorophore

Scanning
J D BhawalkarP N Prasad

Abstract

Three-dimensional confocal imaging of polymer samples was achieved by the use of two-photon excited fluorescence in both positive and negative contrast modes. The fluorophore was a new and highly efficient two-photon induced upconverter, resulting in improved signal strength at low pumping power. Because of the relatively long wavelength of the excitation source (798 nm from a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser), this technique shows a larger penetration depth into the samples than provided by conventional single-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy. Single-photon and two-photon images of the same area of each sample show significant differences. The results suggest the possibility of using two-photon confocal microscopy, in conjunction with highly efficient fluorophores, as a tool to study the surface, interface, and fracture in material science applications.

Citations

Jan 1, 1997·Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery·J D BhawalkarP N Prasad
Feb 21, 1998·Advances in Dental Research·T F Watson
Sep 29, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·X WangP N Prasad

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