Three-dimensional structural interrelations between cells, extracellular matrix, and mineral in normally mineralizing avian leg tendon

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Zhaoyong ZouP Fratzl

Abstract

The spatial-temporal relationship between cells, extracellular matrices, and mineral deposits is fundamental for an improved understanding of mineralization mechanisms in vertebrate tissues. By utilizing focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy with serial surface imaging, normally mineralizing avian tendons have been studied with nanometer resolution in three dimensions with volumes exceeding tens of micrometers in range. These parameters are necessary to yield sufficiently fine ultrastructural details while providing a comprehensive overview of the interrelationships between the tissue structural constituents. Investigation reveals a complex lacuno-canalicular network in highly mineralized tendon regions, where ∼100 nm diameter canaliculi emanating from cell (tenocyte) lacunae surround extracellular collagen fibril bundles. Canaliculi are linked to smaller channels of ∼40 nm diameter, occupying spaces between fibrils. Close to the tendon mineralization front, calcium-rich deposits appear between the fibrils and, with time, mineral propagates along and within them. These close associations between tenocytes, tenocyte lacunae, canaliculi, small channels, collagen, and mineral suggest a concept for the mineralization proces...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 25, 2021·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Steve WeinerRon Shahar
Sep 10, 2020·Journal of Structural Biology·Qiong WangRizhi Wang
May 9, 2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Mahdi AyoubiPeter Fratzl

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